Unified treatment algorithm for the management of crotaline snakebite in the United States: results of an evidence-informed consensus workshop

Unified treatment algorithm for the management of crotaline snakebite in the United States: results of an evidence-informed consensus workshop

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Abstract Background Envenomation by crotaline snakes (rattlesnake, cottonmouth, copperhead) is a complex, potentially lethal condition affecting thousands of people in the United States each year.Treatment of crotaline envenomation is not standardized, and significant variation in practice exists.Methods A geographically diverse panel of experts was convened for the purpose of deriving superdry baseball top an evidence-informed unified treatment algorithm.Research staff analyzed the extant medical literature and performed targeted analyses of existing databases to inform specific clinical decisions.

A trained external facilitator used modified Delphi and structured consensus methodology to achieve consensus on the final treatment algorithm.Results A unified treatment algorithm was produced and endorsed by all nine expert panel members.This algorithm provides guidance about clinical and laboratory observations, indications for and dosing of antivenom, adjunctive therapies, post-stabilization care, and management of complications from envenomation and therapy.Conclusions Clinical manifestations and ideal treatment of crotaline snakebite differ greatly, and can result in severe complications.

Using a modified Delphi method, we provide evidence-informed treatment guidelines in an attempt att nighthawk hotspot to reduce variation in care and possibly improve clinical outcomes.